Everything about Perineum totally explained
In
human anatomy, the
perineum is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the
pubic symphysis and the
coccyx. The perineum is the region of the body inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and between the legs.
A diamond-shaped area on the inferior surface of the trunk which includes the
anus and, in females, the
vagina. Its definition varies: it can refer to only the superficial structures in this region, or it can be used to include both superficial and deep structures.
The perineum corresponds to the
outlet of the pelvis.
The
anogenital distance is a measure of male feminisation measuring the distance between the
anus and the base of the
penis. Studies show that the perineum is twice as long in males as in females. Validity of anogenital distance as a marker of in utero phthalate exposure. PMID 16393642 Measuring the anogenital distance in neonatal humans has been suggested as a noninvasive method to predict neonatal and adult reproductive disorders.
Boundaries
Its deep boundaries are as follows:
In Alfred Kinsey's 1967 report, he concluded that the perineum was one of the 6 key
erogenous zones for males.
Triangles
A line drawn transversely across in front of the
ischial tuberosities divides the space into two triangles:
Perineal fascia
The terminology of the perineal
fascia can be confusing, and there's some controversy over the nomenclature. This stems from the fact that there are two parts to the fascia, the superficial and deep parts, and each of these can be subdivided into superficial and deep parts.
The layers and contents are as follows, from superficial to deep:
1) Skin
2) superficial perineal fascia: Subcutaneous tissue divided into two layers: (a) A superficial fatty layer, and (b) Colles' fascia, a deeper, membranous layer.
3) deep perineal fascia and muscles:
4) fascia and muscles of pelvic floor (levator ani, coccygeus)
Areas of the perineum
The region of the perineum can be considered a distinct area from pelvic cavity, with the two regions separated by the pelvic diaphragm. The following areas are thus classified as parts of the perineal region:
perineal pouches: superficial and deep (see above for details)
Ischioanal fossa - a fat filled space at the lateral sides of anal canal. It is bounded laterally by obturator internus muscle, medially by pelvic diaphragm and anal canal. Its base is the skin.
Additional images
Image:Gray239.png|Diameters of inferior aperture of lesser pelvis (female).
Image:Gray405.png|The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected.
Image:Gray408.png|Muscles of the female perineum.
Image:Gray542.png|The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Image:Gray1077.png|The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx.
Image:Gray1119.png|Stages in the development of the external sexual organs in the male and female.
Image:Anus 2.jpg|Human female perineum.
Image:The Taint by David Shankbone.jpg|Photograph of the male perineum.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Perineum'.
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